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43 S. Tex. L. Rev. 1115 (2001-2002)
The Death Penalty in the United States: An International Human Rights Perspective

handle is hein.journals/stexlr43 and id is 1131 raw text is: THE DEATH PENALTY IN THE UNITED STATES: AN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE ANTHONY N. BISHOP* I. INTROD UCTION .......................................................................... 1116 II. INTERNATIONAL LAWS AFFECTING THE USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN THE UNITED STATES ............................. 1122 A. Sources of International Law ............................................. 1124 B. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights .................. 1128 C. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ..... 1131 1. Background & Contents ............................................... 1131 2. The Protection of Juvenile Offenders .......................... 1134 3. O ther G uarantees .......................................................... 1138 D. The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty .......................................... 1141 E. Inter-American Human Rights Law .................................. 1142 F. Conventions Protecting Foreign Nationals ....................... 1145 G. Status of International Death Penalty Law ....................... 1147 III. THE RECORD OF THE UNITED STATES IN OBSERVING INTERNATIONAL DEATH PENALTY LAW ............................... 1151 A. The General Approach of the United States to International Death Penalty Law ....................................... 1151 B. The Fate of Juvenile Offenders .......................................... 1154 1. R oach & Pinkerton ....................................................... 1156 * B.A., 1994, Stephen F. Austin State University; J.D., 1997, Texas Tech University School of Law; Staff Attorney, Second District Court of Appeals, Fort Worth, Texas; Ad- junct Instructor of Government, Tarrant County College, North West Campus. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author and supporting authorities cited herein and do not represent the views of any of the justices or staff at the Second District Court of Appeals or of the State of Texas. The work product in this paper is based entirely on the author's research and does not reflect any personal experiences the author has had as a Staff Attorney with the Second District Court of Appeals. Further- more, the author would like the reader to understand that intermediate appellate courts in Texas do not review death penalty cases on appeal. TEX. CONST. art. V, § 5(b). In Texas legal challenges to a death sentence in state court can only be brought before the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. Id. The author thanks his wife, who although does not share his opinions on the death penalty, supported him throughout the process of writing this paper. 1115