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56 Santa Clara L. Rev. 593 (2016)
Shades of Gray: Seeing the Full Spectrum of Practical Data De-Intentification

handle is hein.journals/saclr56 and id is 627 raw text is: SHADES OF GRAY: SEEING THE FULL SPECTRUM OF PRACTICAL DATA DE-IDENTIFICATION Jules Polonetsky, Omer Tene and Kelsey Finch* TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................... 594 I. The Current Landscape ............................................. 596 A. Nom enclature ................................................ 596 B . Sustainability ................................................ 599 C. Law ..................................... 601 1. Federal Trade Commission ...................... 601 2. H IPA A ...................................................... 602 3. European Data Protection Directive ....... 603 II. A Spectrum of Personal Data ................................... 604 A. The Variables ................................................ 605 1. Direct Identifiers ...................................... 605 2. Indirect Identifiers ................................... 605 3. Controls and Safeguards on the Use of D ata .......................................................... 606 B. Common Categories of Data ......................... 607 III. Key Inflection Points on the Data Spectrum .......... 609 A. Explicitly Personal Data ............................... 609 B. Potentially Identifiable and Not Readily Identifiabile Data .......................................... 609 C. K ey-Coded ..................................................... 613 D. Pseudonymous and Protected Pseudonymous D ata ............................................................... 615 E. De-Identified and Protected De-Identified D ata ............................................................... 617 F. Anonymous and Aggregated Anonymous D ata ............................................................... 618 * Jules Polonetsky is Executive Director, Omer Tene is Senior Fellow and Kelsey Finch is Policy Counsel at the Future of Privacy Forum. Tene is Vice President of Research and Education at the International Association of Privacy Professionals and Associate Professor at the College of Management School of Law, Rishon Lezion, Israel. The authors would like to thank Peter Lefkowitz, Kim Gray, Khaled El Emam, Simson Garfmkel, Cameron Kerry, Javier Salido and Scott Goss for helpful comments. 593