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40 Howard L.J. 641 (1996-1997)
Codification or Castration? The Applicability of the International Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Racial Discrimination to the U.S. Criminal Justice System

handle is hein.journals/howlj40 and id is 649 raw text is: Codification or Castration? The Applicability of the International Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Racial Discrimination to the U.S. Criminal Justice System I. Introduction ............................................ 642 H. Blacks Have Historically Appealed to International Bodies for Vindication of Basic Human Rights ......... 643 III. An Overview of CERD, Focusing on Its Criminal Justice Provisions and U.S. Reservations, Understandings and Declarations ....................... 648 IV. Institutionalized Racism in the Criminal Justice System Violates The Letter and Spirit of CERD ............... 655 A. The Sentencing Disparity Between Crack and Powder Cocaine .................................... 658 1. The 100-to-1 Quantity Ratio .................... 659 2. Disparate Racial Impact ........................ 664 B. Infliction of Police Brutality Against Blacks Violates the Letter and Spirit of CERD ..................... 670 1. Racism and Prejudice ........................... 672 2. Unfettered Police Discretion .................... 673 3. Police Code of Silence .......................... 675 4. Inadequate Disciplinary Measures .............. 675 5. Ineffectiveness of Current Remedies ............ 678 a. Limitations of Federal Private Damage Rem edies ................................... 678 b. Limitations on Seeking Criminal Convictions in State Courts ................. 680 V. The U.S. Must Demonstrate a Seriousness of Purpose in Eradicating Racial Discrimination in its Criminal Justice System .................................................. 681 A. Compliance With Reporting Requirements ......... 683 1. Race and the Prosecution of Drug Offenses .... 684 1997 Vol. 40 No. 3