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10 Tsinghua China L. Rev. 107 (2017-2018)
Why Late Qing Constitutional Reform Failed: An Examination from the Comparative Institutional Perspective

handle is hein.journals/tsinghua10 and id is 108 raw text is: WHY LATE QING CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM FALED: AN EXAMINATION FROM THE COMPARATIVE INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE Cheng Jie* Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION: WHY LATE QING CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM FAILED ............ 108 II. WHAT CAUSED THE CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF INTERNATIONAL FACTORS................. 108 A. The Boxer Rebellion and the Crisis to the Imperial Court...................... ............. 109 B. Preparation for Constitution-Making and the Five Ministers Abroad ...............................112 III. THE NEW CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM IN LATE QING AND THE IMBALANCE IN POWER STRUCTURE......... 115 A. The New Reform Prioritizing Government Administration over Political Participation.... .....119 B. The New Reform Prioritizing Centralization over Decentralization of Power . ..................... 124 C. The New Reform failed to resolve the Manchu-Han conflicts arising from Qing's tribal rule....... .....127 IV. CHINESE MODEL OF ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM IN COMPARISON WITH JAPANESE CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM.... 129 A. Enlightened Despotism and Constitutional Monarchy..... 129 B. Imperial Constitution versus Constitutional Monarchy.... 133 C. Why the Japanese Meiji Restoration Model did not work in China. ............................. 137 V. THE LEGACY OF THE LATE QING CONSTITUTIONAL MOVEMENT.......................................... 140 A. The Concept of the Constitution as the Fundamental Law...................... ..............140 B. The Evolution of the Thinking of Civil Rights................. 144 * Associate professor of law at Tsinghua University; visiting lecturer of University of British Columbia Law School (2017 Fall). 107