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27 Tul. J.L. & Sexuality 91 (2018)
Title IX Protections against Bullying in Schools for Sex, Gender, and Orientation

handle is hein.journals/lsex27 and id is 99 raw text is: Title IX Protections Against Bullying in Schools for Sex, Gender, and Orientation Kavan Vartak* I. INTRODUCTION ......................................... 91 II. PERVASIVE BULLYING OF LGBT STUDENTS REQUIRES ACTION ............................................... 93 III. HISTORY AND LEGAL BACKGROUND OF TITLE IX........................ 96 A. Legislative History......................96 B. Interpreting Title IX Through Case Law .... ........97 IV. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION GUIDELINES AND CASE LAW TO EXPAND TITLE IX PROTECTIONS .................. ...... 101 A. Case Law .................................... 101 B. Department ofEducation Guidelines .............. 107 V. How PROTECTIONS AGAINST ORIENTATION-BASED BULLYING FALL SHORT . ......................... ........ 108 VI. RECOMMENDATIONS ................1....................11 A. Amend Title IX................1..............1 B. Include Sexual Orientation in Title IX Through Case Interpretation ......................... ..... 112 VII. CONCLUSION ................................................ 114 I. INTRODUCTION Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 arose out of the fight to end sex-based discrimination in schools and to empower women. Senator Bayh, a key proponent of the law, saw ending sex-based discrimination in schools as the next logical step toward women's equality after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and other antidiscrimination regulations.' The text of Title IX states that no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from * C 2018 Kavan Vartak. Senior Business Editor, Volume 28, Tulane Journal ofLaw and Sexuality J.D. candidate 2018, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2014, Honours Political Science, York University. The author would like to thank his parents and family for their support and love and a special thanks to Professor Hancock for her support and patience with this process. 1. Paul C. Sweeney, Abuse Misuse & Abrogation of the Use of Legislative History: Title L& Peer Sexual Harassmen4 66 UMKC L. REv. 41, 53 (1997). 91