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25 Cardozo Arts & Ent. L.J. 95 (2007-2008)
The Dynamics of Iraq's Media: Ethno-Sectarian Violence, Political Islam, Public Advocacy, and Globalization

handle is hein.journals/caelj25 and id is 101 raw text is: THE DYNAMICS OF IRAQ'S MEDIA: ETHNO-SECTARIAN VIOLENCE, POLITICAL ISLAM, PUBLIC ADVOCACY, AND GLOBALIZATION IBRAHIM AL-MARASHI* I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 96 A . Overview .................................................................... 96 B. M ethodology ............................................................... 99 C. The Target Audience ..................................................... 101 D. Defining the Problem of Media and Conflict ................... 101 II. OWNERSHIP, PROGRAMMING AND CONTENT IN IRAQ I M EDIA ....................................................................... 104 A . State Owned M edia ....................................................... 105 B. Media Owned by Political Islamists ................................ 108 1. A rab Shi'a M edia .................................................. 108 2. Arab Sunni M edia ................................................. 111 C. Media Owned by Ethnic Parties ...................................... 112 1. Kurdish M edia ...................................................... 112 D. Media Owned by Entities Calling for Violence ................. 113 1. The Case of A1-Zawra ............................................ 113 E. Independently Owned Media .......................................... 118 1. Ethno-sectarianism and Islam .............................. 118 2. Televised Violence ................................................ 119 3. Public Advocacy .................................................... 120 4. Global and Regional Influences and Local R eactions ............................................................... 121 III. IRAQ'S MEDIA AND THE REGIONAL SATELLITE ENVIRONM ENT .................................................................... 122 IV. THE FUTURE OF IRAQ'S MEDIA ............................................ 123 V . C ONCLUSION ...................................................................... 128 VI. RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................... 129 A. Assess the Iraqi Media Landscape .................................. 130 * Ibrahim AI-Marashi is an International Policy Fellow at the Center for Policy Studies, Central European University, Budapest. He is also an adjunct faculty member at the Department of International Relations, Koc University, Istanbul. I would like to thank Douglas Griffin of the Stanhope Centre for Communications Policy Research and Professor Monroe Price, Susan Abbott, Sylvie Beauvais and Libby Morgan of the Center for Global Communication Studies at the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, for their assistance in providing information and insight. ©2007 Ibrahim AI-Marashi.