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28 ILSA J. Int'l & Comp. L. 1 (2021-2022)
Global and U.S. Trends and Patterns in Human Trafficking: A Synthesis of the Evidence

handle is hein.journals/ilsaic28 and id is 11 raw text is: GLOBAL AND U.S. TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING: A SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE Gergana Danailova-Trainor* Twenty years after the passage of the TVPA and the adoption of the Palermo Protocol, this paper takes stock at what the evidence shows about the state of human trafficking globally and in the United States. The paper draws from key available data sources to paint a comprehensive picture of trends and patterns in victim exploitation and assistance, and prosecution of trafficking perpetrators. It asserts that while progress has been made in victim detection, knowledge about the overall and sector specific prevalence of the crime is still limited. In addition, significant gaps remain between the magnitude of the crime and the criminal justice response to it, as well as in the observed and estimated relative shares of labor vs. sex trafficking. Since human trafficking is a complex and multifaceted crime, it requires a coordinated national and international policy response informed by research in several key areas, including economic development and program evaluation. I. HUMAN TRAFFICKING IS A COMPLEX, BROAD, AND DIVERSE CRIME WITHIN AND ACROSS COUNTRIES ..................................................................3 A. The International Labour Organization, the International Organization for Migration, and Walk Free Estimate that Globally There Were About 25 Million Victims of Labor and Sex Trafficking at any Point in Time in 2016..........................................................................................6 1. The Majority of the Estimated Total Number of Victims are Victims of Labor Trafficking.................................................................7 B. While Victim Detection is Improving, There Continues to be a Considerable Gap between the Numbers of Observed and Estimated Victims of Human Trafficking Worldwide........:........................................8 1. UNODC Reports About 49,032 Detected Victims Based on Official Statistics From 148 Countries in 2018 .....................................8 2. The U.S. Department of State Reports About 119,000 Identified Victims in 2019 from more than 170 Countries, Compared to 68,000 in 2016 .......................................................................................................9 C. U.S. Agencies Collect Data on Potential and Assisted Victims.......10 1. National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC)...........10 2. A dm inistrative D ata.....................................................................11 3. Human Trafficking Institute (HTI)..............................................14