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51 Cal. W. L. Rev. 25 (2014-2015)
The Crucial Corrupt Intent Element in Federal Bribery Laws

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THE CRUCIAL CORRUPT INTENT ELEMENT IN FEDERAL

                        BRIBERY LAWS

                      BRENNAN T. HUGHES*

    I was a first-grader the first time I got in trouble at school, and it
may have been the event that set me on the path to becoming a lawyer.
Our teacher evaporated from the classroom, leaving behind a
worksheet to busy us students in her absence. I was studiously
completing my worksheet when, suddenly, I found myself lying on the
cold, orange-tiled classroom  floor.   Another boy, for reasons
unknown, had risen from his seat and shoved me out of mine. Before
I knew what was happening, the boy was on top of me-I was being
attacked! I was struggling with the boy in an attempt to return to my
assigned seat when our teacher returned; she was displeased. In the
end, we both were disciplined for wrestling.
    My sense of fairness was deeply wounded that day. I admit, I was
technically out of my seat. I admit, I was technically locked in a
physical struggle with my seven-year-old assailant.    But, being
punished felt deeply unfair-I was a victim! I lacked any intent to do
wrong. Although my actus reus apparently violated school policy, my
mens rea was pure as snow.
    This mildly   harrowing   tale of my    youth   illustrates the
momentousness of the mens rea element of any crime. When courts
give short shrift to criminal intent, guiltless actors can be swept into
the criminal justice system. As the United States Supreme Court has




  * Brennan Thomas Hughes, B.A., M.A. (Freed-Hardeman University), M.Div.
(Lipscomb University Hazelip School of Theology), J.D. (Vanderbilt University
Law School), judicial clerk for the United States Court of Appeals. The author is
grateful for the tutelage given by Professors Bob Cooper and Robert Mikos in
election law and federal criminal law. This article is dedicated to the author's three
sons Dexter, Eliot, and Chet, who may sometimes be manipulated with bribes.