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36 Vand. L. Rev. 1383 (1983)
The Parol Evidence Rule: Promissory Estoppel's Next Conquest

handle is hein.journals/vanlr36 and id is 1397 raw text is: The Parol Evidence Rule: Promissory Estoppel's Next Conquest? Michael B. Metzger* I. INTRODUCTION .................................. 1383 H. THE PAROL EVIDENCE RULE ..................... 1385 A. The Policy Bases of the Rule ............... 1386 B. The Parol Evidence Rule: Formulations, Ex- ceptions, and Applications ................. 1391 C. The Parol Evidence Rule: Criticisms and Sug- gestions for Improvement .................. 1403 III. PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL-THE EvOLUTION OF THE D OCTRINE ...................................... 1408 IV. PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL AND THE STATUTE OF FRAUDS 1422 A. The Statute of Frauds ..................... 1422 B. Promissory Estoppel and the Statute of Frauds ................................... 1425 V. PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL AND THE PAROL EVIDENCE R ULE .......................................... 1437 A. The Cases ................................ 1437 B. Should Promissory Estoppel Apply to Parol Evidence Cases? ........................... 1454 VI. CONCLUSION .................................... 1466 I. INTRODUCTION A specter is haunting the law of contracts. The doctrine of promissory estoppel has evolved from relatively modest beginnings as a consideration substitute in donative promise cases1 to a force that threatens to engulf a major portion of contract law.2 In- * Associate Professor and Chairman of Business Law, Indiana University Graduate School of Business. B.A., 1966, Indiana University;, J.D., 1969, Indiana University School of Law. 1. See infra notes 251-60 and accompanying text. 2. See infra notes 306-11 and accompanying text. 1383