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17 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 609 (1989-1990)
Representation of Clients with Disabilities: Issues of Ethics and Control

handle is hein.journals/nyuls17 and id is 619 raw text is: REPRESENTATION OF CLIENTS WITH DISABILITIES: ISSUES OF ETHICS AND CONTROL* STANLEY S. HERR** Introduction ........................................................ 610 I. Allocation of Responsibilities: The Traditional Bi-Polar Model.. 613 II. Ethical Codes and Visions of Normalization .................... 615 A. Code of Professional Responsibility ........................ 615 B. Model Rules of Professional Conduct ...................... 619 HI. Representing Individuals with Disabilities ....................... 621 A. Ascertaining the Client's Interests ......................... 621 B. Direct Representation and the Presumption of Competence. 622 C. Full Guardianship ......................................... 623 D. Less Restrictive Alternatives to Guardianship .............. 624 1. The Next Friend ..................................... 624 2. Guardian Ad Litem .................................. 625 3. Powers of Attorney ................................... 625 4. Representative Payees ................................. 626 5. Institutional Custody: The Illusion of Protection ...... 627 6. Nearest Relatives ..................................... 627 7. Citizen Advocacy and Self-Advocacy .................. 628 8. Protective Services .................................... 629 9. Other Surrogate Decision Makers ..................... 630 10. De Facto Guardianship ............................... 631 11. Limited Guardianship ................................ 631 IV. Representing Classes of Individuals with Disabilities ............. 633 A. Problems of Goal-Setting and Control ..................... 633 B. Class Action Representation ............................... 635 C. Governmental Representation .............................. 636 D. Representation in the Legislative Process ................... 637 V. Strengthening Disability Law Practice .......................... 639 * An earlier version of this article appeared in the Milbank Quarterly. See Herr, Disabled Clients, Constituencies, and CounseL Representing Persons with Developmental Disabilities, 67 MLBANK Q. 352 (Supp. 2, Pt. 2, 1989). This material was also presented at a colloquium entitled Rights of People with Disabilities sponsored by the N.Y.U. REviEV oF LAW & SOCIAL CHANGE in April 1989. ** Associate Professor of Law, University of Maryland School of Law. Fubright Scholar, Tel Aviv University and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1990-1991. B.A., 1967, Yale University; J.D., 1970, Yale Law School; D.Phil., 1979, Oxford University. The author ac- knowledges with appreciation the helpful comments of Professor Randy Hertz of N.Y.U. School of Law and the splendid research assistance of Patricia G. Williams, John D. Wilson, and Leslie Dick. 609 Imaged with the Permission of N.Y.U. Review of Law and Social Change