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17 N.Y.U. J. Legis. & Pub. Pol'y 835 (2014)
Criminalizing the Problem of Unexplained Wealth: Illicit Enrichment Offenses and Human Rights Violations

handle is hein.journals/nyulpp17 and id is 861 raw text is: CRIMINALIZING THE PROBLEM OF UNEXPLAINED WEALTH: ILLICIT ENRICHMENT OFFENSES AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS Jeffrey R. Boles* INTRODUCTION................................................ 836 I. GLOBAL CORRUPTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS INFRINGEMENTS .. ..................................... 838 A. The Nature of Global Corruption.............. 838 B. Corruption Implicates Human Rights ............ 841 C. Combating Corruption Through National Legislation and International Instruments ......... 842 D. Obstacles in Combating Corruption ............. 844 II. CRIMINALIZING ILLICIT ENRICHMENT AS A MECHANISM To THWART CORRUPTION ...................... . 846 A. An Overview of the Illicit Enrichment Offense 847 B. History and Development of Illicit Enrichment.... 849 C. The Elements of an Illicit Enrichment Offense.... 852 1. Targeting Public Officials ............... 853 2. Setting the Time Frame for Enrichment ...... 854 3. Identifying the Significant Increase in Assets . 855 4. Demonstrating the Requisite Intent ........... 856 5. Showing a Lack of Justification for the Enrichment ........................... 857 a. Placing the Burden of Proof upon the Accused .......................... 858 III. ILLICIT ENRICHMENT STATUES VIOLATE HUMAN RIGHTS ............................................. 861 A. Illicit Enrichment Statutes Impinge upon the Presumption of Innocence ................... 862 1. The Presumption of Innocence Aims to Prevent the Conviction of Innocent Parties ... 863 * Assistant Professor, Department of Legal Studies, Fox School of Business, Temple University. Ph.D., 2006, University of California, Berkeley; J.D., 2006, Uni- versity of California, Berkeley School of Law. 835 Imaged with Permission of N.Y.U. Journal of Legislation and Public Policy