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49 Va. J. Int'l L. 915 (2008-2009)
Outlawing Amnesty: The Return of Criminal Justice in Transitional Justice Schemes

handle is hein.journals/vajint49 and id is 923 raw text is: Outlawing Amnesty: The Return of Criminal Justice in Transitional Justice Schemes LISA J. LAPLANTE* Introduction .......................................................................................... 9 16 I. Truth v. Justice: The Controversy of Amnesty Within Tran- sitional Justice Schemes .................. . ..................... 920 A. Amnesty in the Americas ................................................ 922 B. Promoting Truth Commissions over Criminal Justice .... 926 C. Foreshadowing Change: South African Victim- Survivors Challenging Amnesties ................................... 929 II. A Changing Global Context: A Legal Framework to Chal- lenge A m nesties ........................................................................ 931 A. International Criminal Law: Individual Accountability for A trocities .................................................................... 932 B. Human Rights Law: The Right to Justice and the Duty to Prosecute ..................................................................... 935 C. Current Affairs: Qualified Amnesties ............................. 940 D. Calls for Clarity: The Uncertain Future of Amnesties in Human Rights Protection ............................................ 943 III. Peru: Legalizing Impunity Through Amnesty ........................... 944 A. In the Name of National Security .................................... 944 * Visiting Assistant Professor, Marquette University Law School, and Deputy Director, Praxis Institute for Social Justice; Brown University, B.A., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, M.Ed., New York University School of Law, J.D. The author thanks Michael O'Hear and Ronald Slye for their helpful comments on earlier drafts, Maria Ryan, Sara Kneevers, and Sara Grill for their research assistance, and Kyle Rabe for his editing assistance. The author wishes to express her gratitude to the United States Institute for Peace, which funded the ethnographic study out of which some of observations in this Article arise. The author also thanks the Institute for Ad- vanced Study at Princeton where the initial stages of writing for this Article began. All opinions and possible errors belong to the author alone.