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16 Stan. L. & Pol'y Rev. 379 (2005)
Human Trafficking in the United States: Expanding Victim Protection beyond Prosecution Witnesses

handle is hein.journals/stanlp16 and id is 383 raw text is: HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE UNITED STATES: EXPANDING VICTIM PROTECTION BEYOND PROSECUTION WITNESSES Hussein Sadruddin,t Natalia Waltert & Jose Hidalgot* IN TRO DU CTIO N .......................................................................................... 380 I. THE CRIME OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING & THE TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION ACT OF 2000 .............................................................. 382 A. The Nature of the Crime ............................................. 382 B. Legislation to Fight Trafficking: The Trafficking Victims Protection A ct ............................................................................... 384 C. The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003 ....... 390 II. PROTECTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIMS IN THE UNITED STATES: AN UNMET OBJECTIVE OF U.S. ANTI-TRAFFICKING L A W S ............................................................................................... 39 1 A . M any V ictim s, Few Protected ............................................................. 391 B. Victim s Versus Victim -W itnesses ....................................................... 395 C. Hurdles to Imm igration Benefits ......................................................... 397 III. MEDICAL RESEARCH EXPLAINS TRAUMATIZED TRAFFICKING VICTIMS' DIFFICULTY IN COOPERATING WITH LAW E NFORCEM ENT ................................................................................ 398 A. Survival Mode: The Body's Normal Response to Threats .................. 399 B. Post-traum atic Stress D isorder ............................................................. 401 C. Biological Correlates of PTSD & Conditioning of Survival All of the authors work with victims of human trafficking. Hussein Sadruddin is a civil rights attorney in Dallas who has been representing immigrants and trauma victims since 1999. Mr. Sadruddin served as an Open Society Institute Post-Graduate Justice Fellow and is currently a member of the State Bar of Texas Immigration and Nationality Committee. Natalia Walter is an attorney who has worked for the Catholic Legal Immigration Network (CLINIC) and the International Rescue Committee, representing unaccompanied immigrant children, detained immigrants, and refugees. She is also an instructor at Southern Methodist University's Intensive English Program. tt, Dr. Jose Hidalgo is on the faculty of the Trauma Center in Boston and program director of Project REACH, the Trauma Center's federally funded program to provide crisis mental health services for victims of human trafficking. He is also an instructor in the Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. David Tam and Dr. Elizabeth K. Hopper.