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41 Rev. Litig. 365 (2021-2022)
Substantive Due Process and Pretrial Detention: Implications of Strict Scrutiny for the Law of Bail

handle is hein.journals/rol41 and id is 387 raw text is: SUBSTANTIVE DUE PROCESS AND PRETRIAL DETENTION: IMPLICATIONS OF STRICT SCRUTINY FOR THE LAW OF BAIL Josh Stantont INTRODUCTION .................................................................................365 I. AN OVERVIEW OF PRETRIAL DETENTION IN THE UNITED STATES367 The Lack of Substance and Process in Pretrial Detention ....367 Jails and the Supreme Court..................................................371 Jail Conditions and Effects on Those Detained ....................373 Harm to the Person in Pretrial Detention..............................373 Negative Downstream Consequences of Pretrial Detention .375 The Racist Consequences of Pretrial Detention....................377 II. PRETRIAL DETENTION AND THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO BE FREE FROM PRETRIAL RESTRAINT...................................................378 III. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND STRICT SCRUTINY.........................386 IV. NARROW TAILORING AND PRETRIAL DETENTION ......................389 V. ALTERNATIVE FRAMEWORKS OF ANALYSIS ................................392 The Fourth Amendment .......................................................392 The Eighth Amendment ........................................................393 Procedural Due Process.........................................................395 Immigration Detention..........................................................396 Involuntary Civil Commitment .............................................401 Applying Procedural Due Process Principles to Pretrial Detention ........................................................................403 CONCLUSION....................................................................................405 INTRODUCTION One focus of bail reform efforts over the last decade has been the elimination of cash bail.1 Even with numerous victories in courts tCopyright C 2021 by Josh Stanton, currently founding a criminal justice reform nonprofit in Washington, D.C., and formerly a public defender and Clinical Teach- ing Fellow, Criminal Practice Clinic, Vanderbilt University Law School. Thanks to the clinical faculty at Vanderbilt for their invaluable insights. 1. See Wendy R. Calaway & Jennifer M. Kinsley, Rethinking Bail Reform, 52 U. RICH. L. REv. 795, 811 (2018) (citing Mel Gonzalez, Litigating Money Bail Away: A Dim Future for the Status of the Poor Under the 14 Amendment (Mar. 3, 2017) (unpublished manuscript), on file at