About | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline

LOG IN
LOG IN


63 Fla. L. Rev. 395 (2011)
Student Speech and the First Amendment: A Comprehensive Approach

handle is hein.journals/uflr63 and id is 403 raw text is: STUDENT SPEECH AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH Lee Goldman* INTRODUCTION..........................................396 I. CASE BACKGROUND ..................................398 A. The Supreme Court Cases ................ ......398 B. Lower Courts'Interpretations of the Supreme Court Cases ........................... .....404 II. A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO SCHOOL SPEECH ISSUES......................................406 A. Special Characteristics of the School Environment..........406 B. Rules for Student Speech Outside School Sup ervision........................................................................407 1. Rule and Justifications................................................407 2. Supreme Court Support for Full First Amendment for Student Speech Outside School Supervision ............................410 3. True Threats ...................................411 4. The Special Case of Cyberbullying ..... ........413 C. Rule for Student Speech Occurring Under School Sup ervision ........................................................................4 17 1. G eneral A pproach ....................................................... 417 2. Factors to Consider When Determining Whether Tinker's Substantial Disruption Standard Has Been Met.. ...................419 a. Curricular Matters ................ ......419 b. Location of Speech... ...................420 c. Type of Restriction-Discriminatory or Neutral? ................. 420 d. Effect on Political Institutions....................421 e. Effect on Rights of Others ........... .....421 f. Age of Students.......................422 g. Criticism of School Officials......... .....422 h. Experience..................... ......422 3. Concluding Thoughts About the Proposed Balancing Test for Speech Under School Supervision .................................................................423 D. Classifing Speech as Outside or Under School Supervision when There Are Elements ofBoth.................423 * Professor of Law, University of Detroit-Mercy School of Law, J.D. 1979, Order of the Coif, Stanford University School of Law. 395