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49 Cal. W. Int'l L.J. 345 (2018-2019)
From Outer Space to Ocean Depths: The Spacecraft Cemetery and the Protection of the Marine Environment in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction

handle is hein.journals/calwi49 and id is 365 raw text is: FROM OUTER SPACE TO OCEAN DEPTHS: THE 'SPACECRAFT CEMETERY' AND THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN AREAS BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTION VITO DE LUCIA AND VIVIANA IAVICOLI* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................. ............346 I. THE SUSTAINABILITY OF SPACE ACTIVITIES ...........350 A. The Problem ..................... .......350 B. The Legal Framework Regulating Space Debris Mitigation ..................... ......352 C. Mitigation Measures ............................359 D. Procedural Obligations and Practices ..........363 II. FROM OUTER SPACE TO OCEAN DEPTHS: RE-ENTRY DISPOSALS OF SPACE DEBRIS IN THE SPACE CEMETERY.........366 A. The Spacecraft Cemetery .............. ......366 B. Ocean Splashdowns and Their Implications for the Marine Environment .......................368 III. RE-ENTRY DISPOSALS OF SPACE DEBRIS AND THE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN AREAS BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTIONS ...............371 A. Introduction to the International Legal Framework ...........................371 B. General Legal Framework for the Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment.................373 IV. EXPLORING LEGAL ISSUES RAISED BY SPLASHDOWNS * Vito De Lucia is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the K. G. Jebsen Center for the Law of the Sea, UiT Arctic University of Norway; Viviana lavicoli is a researcher at the Institute for International Legal Studies, National Research Council of Italy. 345