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1 Tech-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence: Implications for International Peace and Security [1] (2026)

handle is hein.unl/tecfcil0001 and id is 1 raw text is: UNIDIR Tech-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence: What is Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence (TFGBV)? Although there is no legal or universally agreed definition, UN Women defines TFGBV as; an act, that is committed, assisted, aggravated or amplified by the use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) or other digital tools, that results in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological, social, political or economic harm or other infringement of rights andfreedoms. TFGBV can take on many different forms, below are some examples. Cyber harassment Persistent unwanted online monitoring, publishing of private or personal information (doxxing), trolling, or contact causing fear (e.g. humiliation or threats). Image-Based Sexual Abuse (IBSA) Generation and non-consensual sha- ring of intimate images, including manipulation of intimate images through generative Al (e.g. deepfake intimate images) that can be used for harassment, blackmail or extortion. Tech- facilitated trafficking in persons Use of digital platforms to recruit, transfer, harbor, or receive people through threats, force, coercion, fraud, or deception for sexual abuse. of women around the world have re- ported experiencing online violence, based on a study covering 51 count- ries. More than half of the women knew their perpetrator. respondents reported an experience of IBSA, in a survey conducted with 16,000 participants across 10 count- ries. Rates were higher among LGB- TQ+ and younger respondents. A study with Ukrainian refugees in y, P and showed that they face high risks of sexual exploitation, including forms facilitated through websites and soci- al media platforms used to recruit and exploit victims. women experienced online violence, including doxxing, according to a survey conducted with 640 women human rights defenders, activists and journalists, across 119 countries. of deepfakes are pornographic in nature, and 99% targeted women, according to a study analyzing over 95,000 deepfake videos across 85 online platforms and 100 websites. UN investigations have documented that ISIL used digital platforms to faci- litate trafficking in persons from , with women and girls dispropor- tionately targeted for sexual slavery and exoloitation. Misinformation / disinformation Gendered false narratives, including language that expresses prejudice, contempt or deeply ingrained stere- otypes against women which can be used to incite violence, discrimination or hatred based on gender. In some armed conflicts, such as and , social media platforms and algorithms have amplified and accelerated the spread of harmful rhetoric and hate speech contributing to incitement to ethnic-based and gender-based violence, including systematic rape and other forms of sexual violence.