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No. 24-820 and No. 24-860


IN THE


DANIEL RUTHERFORD,


      D.
UNITED STATES,


  Petitioner,



Respondent.


JOHNNIE MARKEL  CARTER,

           D.
    UNITED  STATES,


  Petitioner,



Respondent.


On Writs of Certiorari to the United States Court
        of Appeals for the Third Circuit

            BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE
NAACP,  NAACP  EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMS, AND
NAACP   LEGAL DEFENSE   & EDUCATIONAL   FUND,
       INC., IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONERS


Christopher Kemmitt
Kameron Johnston
NAACP  Legal Defense &
Educational Fund, Inc.
700 14th St. NW, Ste. 600
Washington, DC 20005

Jory Burks
NAACP  Legal Defense &
Educational Fund, Inc.
40 Rector Street, 5th Floor
New York, NY 10006

Counsel for NAACP Legal
Defense & Educational Fund,
Inc.


Raymond P. Tolentino
Carlton Forbes
  Counsel of Record
Noah B. Sissoko
Cooley LLP
1299 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20004
eforbes@cooley.com
(202) 776-2117

Counsel for NAACP   Legal
Defense & Educational Fund,
Inc. and NAACP Empowerment
Programs


Additional Counsel Listed on Inside Cover