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              No. 23-621

 3n the *upreme Court of the aIniteb *tates

 GERALD F. LACKEY, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS THE
 COMMISSIONER OF THE VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF
             MOTOR VEHICLES,
                               Petitioner,
                   V.
           DAMIAN STINNIE, et al.,
                             Respondents.

  On Writ of Certiorari to the United States
  Court  of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

  BRIEF OF AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UN-
  ION, AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION
  OF VIRGINIA, AMERICANS  UNITED FOR
SEPARATION   OF CHURCH  AND STATE, THE
BUCKEYE  INSTITUTE, THE GOLDWATER   IN-
STITUTE, INSTITUTE FOR JUSTICE, PUBLIC
CITIZEN, THE RODERICK  & SOLANGE  MAC-
ARTHUR  JUSTICE CENTER,  AND THE RUTH-
   ERFORD  INSTITUTE AS AMICI CURIAE
       SUPPORTING  RESPONDENTS

 JONATHAN D. STAHL ANDREW J. PINCUS
 Mayer Brown LLP   Counsel of Record
 1221 Ave. of the  Mayer Brown LLP
 Americas           1999 K Street, NW
 New  York, NY 10020 Washington, DC 20006
 (212) 506-2500    (202) 263-3000
                   apincus@mayerbrown.com
          Counsel for Amici Curiae