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14 Wroclaw Rev. L. Admin. & Econ. 1 (2024)

handle is hein.journals/wrorwolwa14 and id is 1 raw text is: s cie n do Wroclaw Review of Law, Administration & Economics Vol 14:1, 2024 DOI: 10.2478/wrlae-2024-0001 THE NEW NORMAL? THE EUROPEAN UNION'S TEMPORARY FRAMEWORKS FOR STATE AID JAKUB KOCIUBINSKI* KEYWORDS State aid, temporary framework, crisis aid, disaster aid, economic disturbance ABSTRACT It is widely agreed that the global economy has entered a phase of heightened uncertainty. Since all downturns and slowdowns involve low aggregate demand, the authorities typically step in by increasing their own spending to protect businesses and jobs. During the Covid pandemic the European Union has witnessed an unprecedented level of State aid measures, under the hastily adopted dedicated temporary framework. Temporary rules have also been adopted to facilitate State aid supporting companies affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which are still in force today (March 2023). The common pattern of crisis responses in turn allows for a more general, non-event-specific, assessment of State aid measures taken to reduce economic disturbances. Sufficient time has now passed for an attempt to take stock of these efforts. This paper therefore seeks to assess State aid measures designed to remedy serious economic disruptions, identify their weak points and recommend improvements. The analysis, preceded by a succinct description of the European Union's State aid toolbox for crisis aid, will focus on the previously identified potential problem areas: How to determine whether an aid measure is indeed capable, in itself, of * Jakub Kociubinski LLM, PhD, DSc (Dr hab. prof. UWr), Faculty of Law, Administration and Economics, University of Wroclaw, Poland [jakub.kociubinski@uwr.edu.pl]. ORCID: 0000- 0002-4391-7439. This publication has been supported by National Science Centre, Poland (Narodowe Centrum Nauki) under the project no. 2021/43/B/HS5/00548. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission. © 2024 Jakub Kociubinski, published by Sciendo. (x This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. - 1 -