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8 WMU J. Maritime Aff. 1 (2009)

handle is hein.journals/wnujlmti8 and id is 1 raw text is: WMU JOURNAL OF MARITIME AFFAIRS, VOL. 8 (2009), NO.1, 1-25 CO2 Emission Statistics for the World Commercial Fleet Harilaos N. Psaraftis and Christos A. Kontovas' National Technical University of Athens Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the world commercial fleet. The analysis is based on the Lloyds-Fairplay world ship database for 2007 and produces various emissions statistics of the following major ship types: bulk carriers, crude oil tankers, container vessels, product/chemical carriers, LNG carriers, LPG carriers, reefer vessels, Ro-Ro vessels and general cargo ships. A separate analysis is carried out for small vessels under 400 GRT and for passenger vessels. The main outputs from this analysis for each ship type-size bracket are the emitted grams of CO2 per tonne-km and an estimate of the total CO2 produced in a year. The methodol- ogy for estimating these statistics is described, and a comparison with other studies is made. Key words: Ship CO2 Emissions, Ship Air Pollution, Modelling of Ship Fuel Con- sumption and Emissions, Greenhouse Gases and Shipping. 1 Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from commercial shipping are currently unregulated. Nevertheless, they are a subject of intense scrutinyby the world shipping community. According to the Kyoto protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - UNFCCC (1997), definite measures to reduce CO2 emissions are necessary in order to curb the projected growth of greenhouse gases (GHG) world- wide. Shipping has thus far escaped being included in the Kyoto global emissions reduction target for C02 and other GHG, but it is clear that the time of non-regulation is rapidly approaching its end, and measures to curb future C02 growth are being sought with a high sense of urgency. CO2 is the most prevalent of these GHGs, and it is therefore clear that any set of measures to reduce the latter should primarily focus on CO2. In parallel, the broader analysis of other greenhouse gases (such as CH4 and N20) and other, non-greenhouse gases, such as S02, NOX and others is already very high on the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) agenda.Various analyses of many aspects of the problem have been and are being carried out and a spectrum of measures are being contemplated. It is clear that a reliable emissions inventory is essential for both scientists and policy-makers in order to formulate and evaluate the implementation of relevant regulations. Professor, PhD Candidate, Laboratory for Maritime Transport, School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechnion 9, Zo- grafou 15773, Greece, emails: hnpsar@mail.ntua.gr; xkontovas@gmail.com ©World Maritime University. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1651-436X print/1654-1642 online