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35 Transnat'l L. & Contemp. Probs. [i] (2025-2026)

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TRANSNATIONAL LAW & CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS


                                           ISSN 1058-1006

Published by  students at The  University of Iowa  College of Law, issues of Transnational   Law  &
Contemporary   Problems  (TLCP)  focus on a contemporary problem of transnational significance. Recognizing
that global problems are complex and multi-dimensional, TLCP takes a multidisciplinary approach by exploring
not only legal, but also economic, social, political, and cultural aspects of current developments in public, private,
and comparative international law.

Citation. Cite as: TRANSNAT'L  L. & CONTEMP. PROBS.

Editorial and  Business  Office. Editorial and Business Offices are located at: Transnational Law  &
Contemporary   Problems  (TLCP), The University of Iowa College of Law, Boyd Law Building, Room 185, Iowa
City, Iowa 52242-1113. Telephone: 319.335.9736. Please send all inquiries relating to subscriptions, advertising,
or publication to: Managing Editor, Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems, The University of Iowa:
College of Law, Boyd Law Building, Room 185, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1113. E-mail: tlcp@uiowa.edu. Worldwide
web address: http://tlcp.law.uiowa.edu/.

Editorial Policy. The journal welcomes suggestions for symposia topics and is interested in co-sponsoring and
publishing symposia of other organizations. The Editorial Board will consider contributions of varying lengths
and styles, ranging from extensive treatment of specific transnational legal topics to broader policy overviews.
Articles should be timely, readable to one unfamiliar with the area, and contain responsive and authoritative
footnotes. The journal encourages interdisciplinary studies and welcomes individuals representing diverse
points of view.

As an interdisciplinary law journal, TLCP organizes symposia that draw heavily upon expertise from outside
the law. We are indebted to the contributors and guest editors of this symposium for their substantive advice on
the topic presented here. With respect to the citations in each Article, the Editors necessarily rely on the authors
to verify sources unavailable to TLCP.

Format.  Manuscripts should be double-spaced with one-inch margins and double-spaced footnotes. The title
page should include the author's full name, academic and professional affiliations, complete address, e-mail
address, and phone number. All citations should conform to THE BLUEBOOK: A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF CITATION
(Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 22nd ed. 2025). English usage should generally conform to THE CHICAGO
MANUAL  OF STYLE (University of Chicago Press Staff et al. eds., 18th ed. 2024). The journal, as a matter of policy,
promotes the use of gender-neutral language. All electronic manuscripts should be submitted in Microsoft Word
97 or higher. Manuscripts cannot be returned unless accompanied by a self-addressed, postage-paid envelope.

Back  Issues. All previous issues of TLCP are currently available from William S. Hein & Co., Inc., 1285 Main
Street, Buffalo, NY 14209-1987.

Copyright.  Copyright © 2026 by Transnational Law   & Contemporary   Problems, The University of Iowa
College of Law, except as otherwise expressly provided. All rights reserved. Opinions expressed are those of the
contributor and are not presented as the views of TLCP, its editors, or The University of Iowa College of Law.
Except as otherwise provided, the author of each article in this issue has granted permission for copies of that
article to be made for classroom use only, provided that: (1) copies are distributed at or below cost; (2) the author
and journal are identified; (3) proper notice of copyright is affixed to each copy; and (4) Transnational Law &
Contemporary   Problems  is notified of the use.



Identification statement in accordance  with Domestic  Mail Manual  Section 429.62.

Transnational  Law   & Contemporary   Problems  is published bi-annually. The Publisher is The University
of Iowa; the Editor-in-Chief is Madison Rush. The publication is owned by The University of Iowa, a nonprofit
educational institution of the State of Iowa. The average number of copies distributed is 25.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to   Transnational   Law  & Contemporary   Problems,  The University
of Iowa College of Law, Boyd Law Building, Room 185, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1113.


Cover is a rendition of Planet Earth designed by J. Longo


Transnational  Law  & Contemporary   Problems  is printed on 100% recycled paper.