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22 Loy. Mar. L.J. [i] (2023)

handle is hein.journals/loymarlj22 and id is 1 raw text is: PUNITIVE DAMAGES IN MARITIME BEFORE AND IN THE WAKE OF BATTERTON THE FUTURE - A QUIXOTIC QUEST FOR A LEGAL UNICORN? - PART 2 OF 2+ By: Arthur A. Crais, Jr.* I. Introduction A. Rise of Punitive Damages Under General Maritime Law in the Twentieth Century B. The Fall of Punitive Damages Under General Maritime Law in the Twentieth Century II. What controls Statutory or Decisional Law? A. Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc. and Sealand Services, Inc. v. Gaudet B. Mobil Oil Corp. v. Higginbotham and Miles v. Apex Marine Corporation III. The Resurrection of Punitive Damages A. Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker and Atlantic Sounding v. Townsend IV . T he N ail in th e C offin ? ........................................................................1 A. Dutra Group v. Batterton ..................................................................1 V. Punitive Damages in Maritime Law - Pending Issues Left Unresolved ............3 A. What is the Standard for Gross Negligence in Maritime Law? ...................4 B. What is the Standard to Impute Gross Negligence to the Employer or Principle? ..................................................................................................6 C. Punitive Damages for Personal Injury and Death - Status and Location ......9 1. Seamen v. Third Parties - Personal Injury and Death Claims ...............9 2. Application of State Law to Punitive Damage Claims in Territorial Waters ...............................................................................................12 3. Personal Injury and Death Claims on the High Seas ........................16 D. Is there a standard for excessive punitive damages? ..............................17 E. Punitive Damages for Other Claims ...................................................19 1. Marine Pollution .....................................................................19 2. Punitive Damages for Damage to Property other than Pollution ..........24 3. Breach of Contract Claims .........................................................25 VI. Conclusion - The Future of Punitive Damages - A Quixotic Quest for a Legal Unicorn? ........................................................................................31 + Editor's Note: This essay is part two of a two part work. Part one is an introduction to the Essay and appeared in Volume 21, Winter Edition. Part two will include all bold face sections of the Table of Contents. * Legal Counsel, Shell Oil Co. (Retired); Adjunct Professor of Admiralty and Maritime Law, Loyola University New Orleans College of Law.