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32 Just. Sys. J. i (2011)

handle is hein.journals/jusj32 and id is 1 raw text is: the JUSTICE SYSTEM JOURNAL Volume 32 Number 1, 2011 Letter from the Editor-in-Chief iii ROBERT M. HOWARD Articles Campaign Messages in Lower-Court Elections After Republican Party of Minnesota vs. White I BRIAN K. ARBOUR AND MARK J. MCKENZIE The Cost of Going for the Gavel: Individual Candidate Spending in Intermediate Appellate Court Elections 25 BRIAN FREDERICK AND MATTHEW J. STREB Time Served in State Supreme Courts: Mapping the Determinants of Judicial Seniority 44 BRENT D. BOYEA When Is the Verdict or Judgment Final?: An Examination of Posttrial Activity in Civil Litigation 62 THOMAS H. COHEN Controlling for District Court Judges' Preferences 88 MARCUS E. HENDERSHOT AND H. CHRISTIAN TECKLENBURG Legal Note Gideon and Competent State Public Defense: Recent Evidence from Three States 11 ROXANNE MENDEZ JOHNSON Review Section Of Note 120 STEPHEN L. WASBY