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20 JEMIE 1 (2021)

handle is hein.journals/jemie20 and id is 1 raw text is: JE IE jou-M--11 on Et'nopnitCs Introduction: Fighting for Security from a Minor anid M iorit is/ue inPerspective and Against Securitisation Eur ope of Minorities in Europe VQI 20, I; 1 Marika Djolai 201 European Centre for Minority Issues pp. 1-23 Sharing spaces among different ethnic, religious, and cultural groups in diverse societies is a major problem globally, particularly for minority communities, as states are often inclined to perceive minorities and indigenous groups as a threat, meaning that their presence evokes a sense of insecurity. This attitude departs from a premise that Sen-,r dtse c -nd [s]ecurity is about what is a threat... (Buzan et al., 1998, p. C tister 204), which means that the societal inclination towards [p]ursuit about the freedom of threat (Buzan, 2008, p. 37) determines approaches towards minorities. However, security should not be considered as a reverse of insecurity, although ... [h]ow security is defined conditions what is considered as insecurity (risk, threat) (C.A.S.E., 2006, p. 257). Perceiving minorities as threat is often reflected in the state policy agenda; it affects representation and leads to unfair competition and negative attitudes of majority groups towards minorities that easily turn into other forms of injustices and discrimination (European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia, 2005). As a result, minorities can be exposed to exclusionist political attitudes, discriminatory or xenophobic attacks, and intolerance or violence by a majority group (C6td & Erickson, 2009; Dustmann & Preston, 2001; Vergeer et al., 2000). 1