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45 Int'l L. News 1 (2016-2017)

handle is hein.journals/inrnlwnw45 and id is 1 raw text is: INTERNATIONAL LAW NEWS W W WAME RICAN BARORG/ INTLAW SUMMER 2016 SECTION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW VOL 45 NO. 1 AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION Using It. Drinking It. Trading It. A Primer on H20 By Maria-Vittoria Giugi Carminati W ater. It seems like such a simple prolut. Ubiquitous even, if we are lucky enough to live in a place where we use it to flush. And yet, it is both big business and politically compli- cated. Water is a fundamental need, both physically and industrially It therefore makes sense that any conversation about water trading triggers strong feelings from a number of sectors. This article is an overview of the various facets of the water trade, with a brief case study of US water consumption, to pro- vide a snapshot of the factors at play It is nt ueant as an exhaustive treatise on international waer tra or national water policies, but as a framework for future research on the topic and an overview of ongoing political and legal fights on the topic. Water's International Market France is the top water exporter, accounting fur 30 percent of world exports. China comes in with 17 percent of water exports. Italy is cloge accounting for 15 percent of water exports Ihe a States and Belgium-Luxembourg come in ne 45 percent and 4.3 percent each. The water import countries are Hong Kong (16 percent), United (14 percent), Japan (8.3 percent), Germany (75. cent), and Belgium-Luxembourg (7.4 percent). mind that water imports and exports include o t water and sparkling water. This gives a LItt as tO the numbers above if one just thinks of Perrier tnch sparkling water) and San Pellegrino (Italian sparkig water). These numbers, also, do not relct freshw ter supplies within each of the countries an l al virtual water trading, discussed below The global average import duty rate or min water is 10.2 percent, with some countries Ch ing 0 percent and others charging 5 pcen Cortn -o p