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12 ICJ 1 (2026)

handle is hein.journals/icjuris12 and id is 1 raw text is: International Comparative Jurisprudence 2026 Volume 12 Issue 1 ISSN 2351-6674 (online) DOI: /io O5J 6 .01. Mykoas~omers International Comparative JuriSprudence Univers ty AN EXAMINATION OF PANCASILA POSITIVISM: A COMPARISON AND CRITIQUE OF HANS KELSEN'S POSITIVISM Emmi Rahmiwita Nasution 1 Asahan University, Indonesia Email: mrr an )m Meirad Arianza Bima2 Asahan University, Indonesia Email: mmeiradtal _ 12 nfldll oln Rika Rahayu s Asahan University, Indonesia Email: rika 3_2raha urika gmilcom Received: 14 December 2025; accepted: 7May 2026 DOI: . d16 i (IJ206101.01 Abstract. The aim of this article is a comparative-critical analysis of Hans Kelsen's Pure Theory of Law and Pancasila Positivism as two models of legal philosophy. Employing a normative legal research method with philosophical and comparative-conceptual approaches, this study analyses Kelsen's primary works and literature on Pancasila legal philosophy through philosophical interpretation and critical synthesis. The analysis reveals fundamental differences across three dimensions: (1) Ontological: Kelsen's law is a pure order of norms (Sollen) separate from morality (Sein), while Pancasila's law is an embodiment of inherent moral values. (2) Epistemological: Kelsenian validity is procedural, culminating in a hypothetical, a priori Grundnorm. In contrast, Pancasila's validity is twofold (procedural and substantive), functioning as a formalised, value-laden Staatsfundamentalnorm that serves as a substantive touchstone. (3) Axiological: Kelsen dismisses justice as an irrational domain, whereas Pancasila posits substantive justice (social justice) as the law's raison d'etre. The research articulates Pancasila Positivism as a theoretical synthesis of moral positivism: a model where law remains positive (state-enacted), yet its validity is inherently bound to the substantive moral values of Pancasila, offering an alternative to the moral vacuum of pure positivism. Keywords: Pancasila Positivism, Pure Theory of Law, Hans Kelsen, Grundnorm, Legal Validity, Legal Philosophy. 1 Associate professor, S.H, M.Hum, Lecturer of Philosophy of Law & Philosophy of Pancasila, Faculty of Law Universitas Asahan. ORCID ID: WJ . The corresponding author. 2 S.H, Lecturer Assistant and Postgraduate Student at Faculty of Law Universitas Asahan. Scientific interests: Philosophy of Law. ORCID ID: 1 j )4 3 S.H, Lecturer Assistant at Faculty of Law Universitas Asahan. Scientific interests: Spatial Law. ORCID ID: httpI/oreglorg/.0O02 0009-4290-9830. 1