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16 Gonz. J. Int'l L. 1 (2012-2013)

handle is hein.journals/gjil16 and id is 1 raw text is: Human Trafficking: Trends in Africa Florence Shu-Acquaye I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 2 II. HUMAN TRAFFICKING: TRENDS IN AFRICA ....................................... 4 1I1. FORMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING ..................................................... 4 A. Definition Of Human Trafficking ..................................... 4 B. Child Trafficking. W ho is a Child? ............................... 5 C. Distinction Between Trafficking and Slavery .................. 7 D. Distinction Between Human Trafficking and Smuggling .... 7 E. Forced Labor .............................................................. 8 F. Bonded Labor ................................................................ 9 G. Sex Trafficking ......................................................... 10 I- Child Labor ............................................................. 12 I. Child Soldiering .......................................................... 12 J. Stages of Human Trafficking ....................................... 13 IV. FACT ORS CONTRIBUTING TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN AFRICA ........... 14 A- Poverty ..................................................................... 14 B. Culture ..................................................................... 14 C. Other Factors ............................................................ 14 D. True Stories .............................................................. 15 V. THE LAW AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING: APPLICATION AND IMPACT ....... 18 VI. COMBAT ING HUMAN TRAFFICKIN GIN AFRI CA ................................ 21 A International ............................................................ 21 B.The Role of the African Union ..................................... 23 1. Legislative Framework ............................................. 25 2. Policy Development ............................................. 25 3. Law Enforcement .................................................. 26 4. Cooperation and Coordination ............................... 26 C. Individual Efforts by Countries .................................... 27 VII. CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................ 29 A Obstacles to Enforcement of National Legislation ............ 29 B. Recommendations .................................................... 30 VIII. CONCLUSION ............................................................................. 31