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15 Feminist Criminology 3 (2020)

handle is hein.journals/femcrim15 and id is 1 raw text is: Article Beyond Peer Influence and Selection: A Gendered Pathways Analysis of Social Environmental Predictors of Change in Child and Peer Delinquency Feminist Criminology 2020, Vol. 15(1) 3-23 © The Author(s) 2018 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/1557085118804349 journals-sagepub.com/home/fcx OSAGE Glenn D. Walters' Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether maternal closeness and participation in unstructured routine activities differentially predicted change in child and peer delinquency for female and male youth above and beyond the effects of peer influence and selection. Participants were 3,370 (1,759 boys, 1,611 girls) members of the Fragile Families and Child Welfare Study. When regression analyses were performed on boys and girls separately, unstructured routine activities effectively predicted a rise in child and peer delinquency in boys and maternal closeness successfully predicted a drop in child and peer delinquency in girls, findings consistent with gendered pathways theory. Keywords peer influence, peer selection, closeness to mother, unstructured routine activities Criminologists have traditionally advanced two principal interpretations of the well- known relationship between child and peer delinquency. They are commonly referred to as the peer influence and peer selection effects. The peer influence effect assumes that the individual learns the attitudes, behaviors, and techniques necessary for crime through his or her associations with those already involved in crime. This position is adopted by theorists affiliated with social learning school of criminology (Akers, 'Kutztown University, PA, USA Corresponding Author: Glenn D. Walters, Department of Criminal Justice, Kutztown University, Kutztown, PA 19530-0730, USA. Email: walters@kutztown.edu