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14 Fed. Cts. L. Rev. 1 (2021-2022)

handle is hein.journals/fecourtl14 and id is 1 raw text is: THE FEDERAL COURTS LAW REVIEW* Volume 14 2021 THE CELL PHONE DONUT HOLE IN THE TRACKING DEVICE STATUTE Stephen Wm. Smith* INTRODU CTION ................................................................. 2 I. BACKGROUND ............................................................. 7 A. ECPA Surveillance: Four Weddings and a F u n era l...................................................................... . . 7 1. Prospective Monitoring: Wiretaps, Pen Registers, Trap & Trace, and Tracking ................................ 8 2. Retrospective Disclosure: Stored Communications and Records ................................ 12 B. The Evolution of Tracking Devices in the Caselaw....... 15 1. Beepers in Knotts and Karo.................................... 15 2. GPS Cell Phone-Based Trackers in Jones............ 17 3. Cell Site Simulator in Rigmaiden......................... 20 4. Software in NIT Warrant Cases ............................ 21 C. The Brief History of Precise Location Inform ation W arrants............................................... 26 1. 2011 M aryland Case ............................................... 27 2. 2013 N ew York Case ............................................... 28 3. 2015 M ississippi Case............................................. 31 II. THE ACKJES DECISION .............................................. 32 t The Federal Courts Law Review is a publication of the Federal Magistrate Judges Association. Editing support is provided by the members of the Mississippi Law Journal. Retired United States Magistrate Judge, U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas (2004-18); Non-resident Fellow, Center for Internet and Society, Stanford Law School. Special thanks to SLS student Haley Amster for invaluable research and editorial assistance, and to Susan Freiwald, Al Gidari, James Orenstein, Brian Owsley, Stephanie Pell, Riana Pfefferkorn, Gabriel Fuentes, and David Sanders for helpful comments on earlier drafts. 1