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39 Environs: Envtl. L. & Pol'y J. 1 (2015-2016)

handle is hein.journals/environs39 and id is 1 raw text is: Gleaning Inspiration from Brazil's Multi- Faceted Energy Policy: Towards a Second Generation of U.S. Biofuel Initiatives Julia Johnson If we truly want an innovative and creative renewable fuel industry, then it needs to be challenged. And if we create a set of protections that allow it to not be as creative and innovative as possible, then we aren't doing a service to the industry or to the people of this country. - Tom Vilsack I. INTRODUCTION ..............1.................................... II. BRAZIL'S ENERGY FRAMEWORK ................3..............3 III. UNITED STATES ETHANOL PRODUCTION ............................ 5 A. U.S. Regulatory Provisions ............ ................ 5 B. Differences between U.S. and Brazil Ethanol Production............ 6 IV. CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES ............ .............. 8 A. Pricing Initiatives ...................................... 8 B. Mandating Use of Flex-Fuel Vehicles.. .................. 9 C. Environmental Considerations and Crop Yields .... ........ 10 D. Infrastructure and Compatibility with Older Vehicles ................ 13 E. Enticing New Production and Trade Initiatives .............. 14 V. CONCLUSION ................................................... 15 APPENDIX ..................................................... 17 I. INTRODUCTION By harnessing and promoting use of its natural resources, Brazil has developed some of the most progressive energy policies in the world. Due partially to its use of alternative energy sources, Brazil continues to experience rapid economic growth which substantially outpaces that of other nations. Brazil's regulatory framework and mixed-use energy policies serve as a particularly appropriate model for the United States (U.S.), which is unlikely to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels in the near future without incentives encouraging the use of other 1