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17 Elon L. Rev. 1 (2025)

handle is hein.journals/elonlr17 and id is 1 raw text is: ARTICLES UNRAVELING THE COMPLEXITIES OF A FINANCIAL FRAUD TRIAL IN VATICAN CITY CATHERINE ARCABASCIO* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRO DUCTIO N ....................................................................................... . 2 I. THE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE OF VATICAN CITY .......................... 4 A . The Executive Branch................................................................6 B. The Legislative Branch...............................................................7 C. TheJ udicial Branch....................................................................9 D. The Office of the Promoter ofJustice and the Defense Attorneys...................................................................................11 E. The Vatican CityState Criminal Process................................12 II. THE LONDON DEAL: ALLEGATIONS OF FRAUD, EMBEZZLEMENT, EXTORTION AND ABUSE OF OFFICE ...............................................13 III. SOURCES OF LAW: VATICAN CITY STATE LAW, CANON LAW, ITALIAN LAW, AND INTERNATIONAL LAW ....................................18 A . The R ole ofItalian Law ...........................................................18 B. The Role of International Law ................................................20 C. Recent Changes to Vatican Law .............................................21 D. The Role of Canon Law ..........................................................23 IV. FUNDAMENTAL FAIRNESS AND TRANSPARENCY............................ 27 C O N CLU SIO N .......................................................................................... . 32 Catherine Arcabascio is a Professor of Law and former Associate Dean for International Programs at Nova Southeastern University, Shepard Broad College of Law. She is a former Brooklyn Assistant District Attorney and former Director of the Florida Innocence Project, which she co-founded. A heartfelt thanks to Research Assistants Diego Elias and Gabriela Gonzalez, and to Italian attorney and currentJ.D. student, Beatrice Aversano for their assistance with this article. (1)