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68 Crime & Delinquency 3 (2022)

handle is hein.journals/cadq68 and id is 1 raw text is: Article Crime & Delinquency 2022, Vol. 68(1) 3-27 Expanding Research on ©TheAuthor(s)2021 Article reuse guidelines: the School-to-Prison sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/0011 128721999334 Pipeline: Examining the iournas-sagepub.com/home/cad Relationships between OSAGE Suspension, Expulsion, and Recidivism among Justice-Involved Youth Abigail Novak' and Abigail Fagan2 Abstract Limited research has examined the associations between different forms of school exclusion and offending, and variation in these associations according to age of first exclusionary event, among justice-involved youth. Using data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, the current study examined the associations between suspension, expulsion, and recidivism and the association between age at first suspension/expulsion and recidivism. According to Cox proportional hazard models, both expulsion and frequency of suspension increased risk of recidivism; age at first suspension was not associated with recidivism, and youth who were first expelled in childhood were significantly less likely to recidivate than youth first expelled in adolescence. Results suggest juvenile justice and educational systems should provide collaborative services to better support justice-involved youth. 'University of Mississippi, Oxford, USA 2University of Florida, Gainesville, USA Corresponding Author: Abigail Novak, Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies, 303 Hedleston Hall, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA. Email: anovak@olemiss.edu