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26 Berkeley La Raza L.J. 1 (2016)

handle is hein.journals/berklarlj26 and id is 1 raw text is: PLAYING THE TRUMP CARD: THE ENDURING LEGACY OF RACISM IN IMMIGRATION LAW David B. Oppenheimer, Swati Prakash, and Rachel Bums* In tro d u ctio n ................................................................................................................. 1 I. European Immigration and American Immigration Policy ................................. 6 A. Early American Demographics and Immigration Policy .................... 6 B . Irish Im m igration ................................................................................. 7 C. Eastern European Jewish Immigration .................................................. 11 D . Italian Im m igration ............................................................................ 14 E. Early Twentieth-Century Changes to Immigration Policy ................ 17 II. Chinese and Japanese Immigration and American Immigration Policy ........... 18 A . C hinese Im m igration .......................................................................... 18 B . Japanese Im m igration ........................................................................ 25 III. B lack A m ericans ............................................................................................ 30 IV . M exican A m ericans ........................................................................................ 35 V. The Future of Mexican Americans in the United States ................................... 40 A. Racialization of Immigrants: Then and Now ................................... 41 B . G eography as Context ........................................................................ 42 C. Economic Integration: The Role of Labor Organizing ...................... 43 C o n clu sio n ................................................................................................................. 4 5 INTRODUCTION As this Article goes to press in spring of 2016, Donald Trump is the leading candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States. He has built his campaign on promises to build a wall on the United States-Mexico border to prevent illegal immigration; to deport all of the estimated twelve million Mexican immigrants who are not legally authorized to live in the United States (U.S.); to prohibit Syrian refugees from entering the U.S.; and to exclude all Muslims who are not U.S. citizens from entering the country. While many complain that these views are in violation of our history of welcoming immigrants and visitors of all races, creeds, and colors, a historical examination reveals that from its beginnings, racism and xenophobia have been a driving force behind immigration law in the United DOI: htp://dx.doi.org/10.15779/Z38TG3V * © David B. Oppenheimer. David B. Oppenheimer is Clinical Professor of Law, University of California Berkeley School of Law. Swati Prakash (JD, Berkeley Law '13) is an associate at Covington & Burling LLP in New York. Rachel M. Bums (JD, Berkeley Law '13) is an associate at Latham & Watkins LLP in Menlo Park, California. This Article was initially a keynote address at the conference, The Others in Europe and Beyond, on April 28, 2011, at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, and will eventually be published in slightly different form in a book associated with the conference. We are grateful to Professors Isabelle Rorive and Emmanuelle Bribosa of the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, and to Professors Leti Volpp and Ian Haney Lopez of Berkeley Law, for their editorial suggestions.