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22 APLPJ 1 (2020-2021)

handle is hein.journals/aplpj22 and id is 1 raw text is: The Judicial Responsibility to Guarantee Fundamental Rights: Reviewing the Decision of the Supreme Court of Korea on Conscientious Objection to Military Service Justice Jae Hyung Kim * A B STR A CT ................................................................................................ 3 I. INTRODU CTION ................................................................................. 4 II. CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION TO MILITARY SERVICE: DISCUSSIONS ON LEGAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND ITS DEVELOPMENT LEADING TO THE 2018 SUPREME COURT DECISION............................................... 7 A. Mandatory Military Service in South Korea: A Brief Introduction ................................................................................ 7 B. The Basis of Korean Constitutional and Statutory Law ............ 9 C. Conscientious Objection to Military Service: Statistics and Analysis........................................................................................11 D. Precedents Leading to the 2018 Supreme Court Decision......... 12 E. Current International Developments..........................................17 III. THE SUPREME COURT'S 2018 EN BANC DECISION ON CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION ............................................................ 20 A . Procedural H istory .................................................................. 20 B. The Judgment of the Supreme Court ...................................... 22 C. The M ajority Opinion.............................................................. 23 1. Justifiable Cause As Defined Under Article 88(1) of the M ilitary Service A ct ........................................................ 23 2. Conscientious Objection and Justifiable Cause Under Article 88(1) of the Military Service Act ......................... 24 3. Deliberation and Determination of Genuine Conscientious O bjection ......................................................................... 29 This paper is a modified version of my presentation at the plenary session at The Twenty-Sixth Annual International Law and Religion Symposium on Human Dignity and Freedom of Religion or Belief' held on October 6-9, 2019, at Brigham Young University in Utah, United States. The presentation was very well received, and I was gratified to see the audience expressing great interest in the subject matter as well as in the presentation itself. The views and opinions expressed in this piece are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policy of the Korean Supreme Court. * Current Justice of the Supreme Court of Korea and former Professor of Law, Seoul National University, School of Law. Prior to appointment as a Supreme Court Justice of Korea in September of 2016, Justice Kim was a Professor of Law at Seoul National University, School of Law since 1995. The author would like to thank Ms. Won Sun Jung and Mr. Joe Cho, Esq. for their sincerest assistance in getting this article published.