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7 Am. Indian L.J. [i] (2018-2019)

handle is hein.journals/ailj7 and id is 1 raw text is: THE TRIBAL FRANCHISE: AN EXPRESSION OF TRIBAL SOVEREIGNTY AND A POTENTIAL SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF MASS DISENROLLMENT By Brent K. Mulvaney CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..............................................................1 II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRIBAL IDENTITY......................3 A. The Lockean Influence on Concepts of American Indian Identity..................................................... 5 B. The Bureau ofAmerican Ethnology and the Era of Assimilation ...........................................................8 C. The Indian Reorganization Act...............................18 III. THE TRIBAL FRANCHISE AND DISENROLLMENT .............28 A. Tribal Sovereignty and Justifications for D isenrollm ent..................................................... 29 1. Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez ........................30 2. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ...........................................33 B. Elem Indian Colony and the Disenfranchisement of Potential Disenrollees.............................................36 C. The Indian Civil Rights Act as a Potential Defense Against Disenrollment ........................................ 41 D. The Nooksack Tribe and Holdover Councils..........45 E. The Pechanga Band: The Invalidation of Expert Opinions and Moratoriums on Disenrollment........46 IV. CONCLUSION.....................................................................49