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41 American J. Crim. Just. 1 (2016)

handle is hein.journals/acnjrlocm41 and id is 1 raw text is: Am J Crim Just (2016) 41:1-2 DOI 10.1007/s12103-015-9323-5 Substance Abuse Treatment in Criminal Justice: Issue Introduction Holly Ventura Miller' J. Mitchell Miller' Received: 17 December 2015 /Accepted: 17 December 2015 / Published online: 28 December 2015 © Southern Criminal Justice Association 2015 Keywords Substance abuse treatment . Drug treatment . Drugs and crime Although the majority of state and federal prisoners have substance abuse histories, relatively few receive treatment while incarcerated due to costs, limited treatment capacity, and ideological opposition. Fortunately, related national movements in the criminal justice system (offender reentry, justice and mental health, prison population reduction, and, to a much lesser degree, medicated assisted treatment) are coalescing to increase treatment availability. Initiating substance abuse treatment in correctional settings with continuation during transition and then aftercare phases in a community context is proving to be a promising model strategy that balances recovery, public safety, and fiscal accountability. Of course, it is unlikely that expanding the scope of treatment sans efficacy will make a difference. The drugs and crime literature relates that substance abuse oriented reentry and focused specialty court initiatives can effect recidivism and relapse reductions representing significant system savings and spared victimization, posturing, especially applied, related research at a premium. While major initiatives, such as the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment program, pronounce the delivery of treatment services to incarcerated offenders and fuel the voluntary versus coerced treatment debate, drug treatment within the criminal justice system is far from monolithic. Offenders are engaged in treatment in various ways, often as a means by which to effect diversion, including treatment as a condition of probation (typically as a continuation of treatment instigated in prison or, less often, jail), a pretrial release condition (e.g., outpatient sessions and drug testing), and drug or another specialty or problem-solving court that arranges treatment and manages clients. E Holly Ventura Miller holly.miller@unf edu University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA 4L Springer