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2023 Corr. Populations U.S. 1 (2023)

handle is hein.death/cpopus0027 and id is 1 raw text is: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau ofJustice Statistics September 2025, NCJ 310413 Correctional Populations in the United States, 2023 - Statistical Tables Shaun Gann, PhD, and Danielle Kaeble, BJS Statisticians A t yearend 2023, an estimated 5,530,300 persons were under the supervision of adult correctional systems in the United States, an increase of 1% (up 49,700 persons) from yearend 2022.1 The adult correctional system includes persons incarcerated in prisons and jails and persons supervised in the community on probation and parole. About 1 in 48 adult U.S. residents (2%) was under some form of correctional supervision at the end of 2023, the same as at yearend 2022. The incarceration rate remained the same from 2022 to 2023 (700 per 100,000 adult U.S. residents) (figure 1). The rate of persons under community supervision was lower in 2023 (1,430 per 100,000 adult U.S. residents) than in 2013 (1,950 per 100,000). This report summarizes data from several Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) collections on populations supervised by adult correctional systems in the United States, including persons living in the community while supervised by probation or parole agencies and those incarcerated under the jurisdiction of state or federal prisons or in the custody of local jails. (See Terms and definitions.) To produce an annual estimate of the total number of unique persons under correctional supervision in the United States, BJS adjusts the individual correctional populations to account for persons who were simultaneously in two populations during the year. IThe total correctional, community supervision, and incarcerated populations exclude persons with dual correctional statuses to avoid double counting. See table 10 and Methodology. Reporting methods for some probation agencies changed over time and probation coverage was expanded in 2023. See appendix table 2 for comparable counts. FIGURE 1 Persons under the supervision of adult correctional systems per 100,000 adult U.S. residents, 2003-2023 Persons per 100,000 adult U.S. residents 3 ,5 0 0 -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 3,00oTotal under supervision 3,000 2,500 /(n probation or parole 2,000 1,500 1,000 /In prison or local jail 1,000- 500 0 2003 '05 '07 '09 'll '13 '15 '17 '1921 '23 Note: Probation, parole, and prison rates are based on December 31 population counts, while jail rates use counts for the last weekday in June. Rates may differ from previously published statistics due to updated reporting. Rates include a small number of persons age 17 or younger who were under adult correctional supervision and exclude persons with dual correctional statuses. Rates were calculated using U.S. Census Bureau estimates of the U.S. resident population of persons age 18 or older for January 1 of the following year. Rates for 2023 and 2022 total correctional, community supervision, and probation populations are not comparable to previous years. See appendix table 1 for rates and additional notes, appendix table 2 for comparable rates, and appendix table 4for standard errors. *January 1, 2023, probation population was used as a proxy for December 31, 2022, due to changes in reporting for 2023. See Methodology. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Annual Probation Survey, Annual Parole Survey, and National Prisoner Statistics program, 2003-2023, Annual Survey of Jails, 2003-2004, 2006-2018, and 2020-2023, and Census of Jails, 2005 and 2019; and U.S. Census Bureau, postcensal estimated resident populations for January 1 of each year, 2004-2024. (A