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1 [1] (December 17, 2025)

handle is hein.crs/govetai0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Con res&onal H search Se informing ley I live d ~a ~ ii e 1914 December 17, 2025 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Health Care: Recent Federal Activity The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has been of increased interest to recent federal administrations. Under the Biden Administration, Al in health care policy was generally characterized by a focus on risk mitigation. Under the second Trump Administration, the focus of Al in health care policy has generally shifted more toward rapid development and implementation of such tools. Toward the close of the Biden Administration, E.O. 14110, entitled Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, was released. This E.O. included direction for various federal agencies to develop and promote standards for Al safety and security and specifically tasked the HHS Secretary (Secretary) with multiple initiatives (E.O. 14110 §8(b)). Pursuant to this E.O., on January 10, 2025, HHS released the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Strategic Plan for the Use ofArtificial Intelligence in Health, Human Services, and Public Health (HHS AI Strategic Plan). Selected Trump bhte House Act ons On January 20, 2025, the Trump Administration released E.O. 14148, Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions, which in part rescinded E.O. 14110 (E.O. 14148 §2(ggg)). Thereafter, on January 23, 2025, the Trump Administration released E.O. 14179, Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence. Though E.O. 14179 did not explicitly mention health, it did state that it is the policy of the United States to sustain and enhance America's global Al dominance in order to promote human flourishing, economic competitiveness, and national security. E.O. 14179 also called for the development of an Al action plan to achieve this articulated policy, to be submitted to President Trump within 180 days of the E.O.'s release. Subsequently, the National Science Foundation (NSF) published in the Federal Register on February 6, 2025, a request for information (RFI) entitled Request for Information on the Development of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Plan. The RFI stated that E.O. 14110 hampered the private sector's ability to innovate in Al by imposing burdensome government requirements restricting private sector Al development and deployment. The RFI s[ought] input on the highest priority policy actions that should be in the new Al Action Plan, and noted that responses can address any relevant Al policy topic. Thereafter, in July 2025, the Trump Administration published Winning the Race: America's AlAction Plan (Plan), which outlines multiple policy goals and associated recommendations. The introduction of the Plan states that America needs to innovate faster and more comprehensively than our competitors in the development and distribution of new Al technology across every field, and dismantle unnecessary regulatory barriers that hinder the private sector in doing so. The introduction then outlines three central pillars of the plan relating to (1) innovation, (2) infrastructure, and (3) international diplomacy and security. The Plan has implications for Al in health care, though Al in health care settings is infrequently referenced. For example, one of the policy goals listed under the Innovation pillar discusses enabling Al adoption. Regarding this goal, it is stated that delays in utilizing Al come not necessarily from a lack of technologies, but rather from the slow adoption of such technologies. It is noted that certain critical sectors, including health care, are especially slow to adopt due to a variety of factors, including distrust or lack of understanding the technology, a complex regulatory landscape, and a lack of clear governance and risk mitigation standards. Thus, the Plan proposes that coordinated federal actions could facilitate a dynamic, 'try-first' culture for Al across American industry. To this end, one of the policy recommendations provided for enabling Al adoption is that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) participate in the creation of regulatory sandboxes or Al Centers of Excellence around the country where researchers, startups, and establishing enterprises can rapidly deploy and test Al tools while committing to open sharing of data and results. On July 23, 2025, three additional executive orders were released, each intersecting with components of the Plan. The first, E.O. 14318, Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure, seeks to reduce federal barriers to the creation of Al data centers and infrastructure in the United States (E.O. 14318 §1). The second, E.O. 14319, Preventing Woke Al in the Federal Government, stipulates that the federal government shall generally not procure Al large language models (LLMs) that incorporate ideological biases or social agendas (E.O. 14319 §1). E.O. 14319 states one of the most pervasive and destructive of these ideologies is so-called 'diversity, equity, and inclusion' (DEI), which the E.O. notes includes the suppression or distortion of factual information about race or sex ... [and] concepts like critical race theory, transgenderism, unconscious bias, intersectionality, and systemic racism (E.O. 14319 §1). Instead, LLMs procured by the federal government must, where consistent with law and related guidance, adhere to the Unbiased Al Principles of being truth seeking and ideological[1y] neutral (E.O. 14319 §3). In turn, the third, E.O. 14320, Promoting the Export of the American Al Technology Stack, in part directs the establishment of a program to facilitate the global spread of American Al