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1 1 (November 1, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goverel0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Russia's War Against Ukraine: European Union Responses and U.S.-EU Relations Updated November 1, 2024 The 27-member European Union (EU) has implemented various policy responses to Russia's war against Ukraine. EU actions and coordination with the United States are of interest to Congress given the EU's role as an important U.S. partner. (Also see CRS In Focus IF12277, Russia War on Ukraine: US. Policy and the Role of Congress.) Key EU Responses Sanctions Since February 2022, the EU has imposed 14 packages of sanctions-or restrictive measures-intended to reduce Russia's ability to finance the war against Ukraine, to enact costs on Russia's elites, and to diminish Russia's economic base. Imposing sanctions requires unanimity among EU members. To date, EU sanctions on Russia's government and financial, business, defense, technology, and media sectors include * Freezing the assets of over 2,300 individuals and entities; travel bans also apply to designated individuals. * Restricting transactions with Russia's central bank and blocking access to its reserve holdings. * Imposing debt and equity restrictions on certain banks and companies. * Banning transactions with certain Russian state-owned military-industrial enterprises. * Disconnecting 10 leading Russian financial institutions-including Sberbank, Russia's largest bank-from SWIFT (the world's dominant international financial messaging system). * Expanding and tightening export controls on dual-use goods and technologies to Russia and to selected entities in China, India, Kazakhstan, and elsewhere directly supporting Russia's military-industrial complex. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11897 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress