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1 1 (October 29, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goverdh0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ~ A* Research Servi e ~ ~nforming the I~g~sI tive d2bate since 914 Escalation of the Israel-Iran Conflict Updated October 29, 2024 Overview In October 2024, Iran and Israel exchanged attacks for the second time this year (see Figure 1 and Figure 2), after doing so in April. This resumption of direct conflict comes a year after Hamas (an Iranian ally) led attacks from the Gaza Strip against Israel. Beyond Gaza and the West Bank, hostilities between Israel and Iran-supported groups (the self-proclaimed axis of resistance) have flared in Lebanon, Yemen and the Red Sea, Iraq, and Syria. U.S. forces and international vessels have also come under fire from Iranian- supported groups. While the Biden Administration has repeatedly supported Israel's right to self-defense, it also has sought to de-escalate tensions. Beyond the parties themselves, Israel-Iran escalation could have wide-ranging implications for a host of issues, including energy markets, nuclear proliferation, and U.S. global force posture. After Israel's October 26 retaliation to Iran's October 1 attack, a senior U.S. official said that this round of direct Israel-Iran fire should be complete, and that U.S. forces were ready to help in Israel's defense if Iran responds. Lawmakers may take varying stances on possible escalation or de- escalation in the Middle East and efforts to support, restrain, or oppose the operations of Israel and other key regional actors. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12347 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress - 1 '111 ti I