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1 [1] (September 17, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveqrr0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Con gressionol Research Service Informing the IegisI9tive debate since 1914 Updated September 17, 2024 Citizenship and Immigration Statuses of the U.S. Foreign-Born Population The U.S. foreign-born population consists of individuals living in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. In 2023, according to the American Community Survey (ACS), an estimated 47.8 million foreign-born people resided in the United States, representing 14.3% of the total U.S. population. The ACS is a U.S. Census Bureau survey conducted each month with a sample of households in 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The proportion of foreign-born individuals among the total U.S. population has changed over time. Since 1850 (the first decennial census to collect data on nativity), the foreign-born proportion of the total U.S. population has ranged from to a high of 14.8% (1890) to a low of 4.7% (1970). During the late 19th and early 20th century, the foreign-born proportion remained relatively consistent, averaging around 14%, through 1920 (Figure 1). From 1910 to 1970, the foreign-born proportion declined each decade; since 1970, it has steadily increased. Figure I. U.S. Foreign-Born: Total and Percentage of Total Population, 1850-2023 Tota Foreign Born 0 % Foreign-Born 60m 16% 20m 1Dm Om 0% Source: 1850-2000: Campbell Gibson and Kayjung, Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850 to 2000, U.S. Census Bureau Population Division, 2006. 2010 and 2023: ACS, Table B05001. The foreign-born are heterogeneous with regard to citizenship and immigration status. They include the following: * resident nonimmigrants, who are a subset of nonimmigrant (temporary) visa holders admitted for a limited period of time and specified purpose whose classes of admission are associated with U.S. residency, including temporary workers, students, exchange visitors, and diplomats; * lawful permanent residents (LPRs, or green card holders), who can reside and work lawfully and permanently in the United States; * naturalized U.S. citizens, who acquired U.S. citizenship generally after fulfilling residency and other requirements; and * unauthorized immigrants who have entered the United States without inspection or have overstayed their period of lawful admission, including those who hold a temporary, discretionary status such as Temporary Protected Status (TPS) or Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). Researchers find that government surveys tend to undercount the foreign-born population, particularly the unauthorized, compared with the native-born population. Because of these undercounts, and different survey and administrative data sources used, the sum of the subgroups enumerated in each section of this In Focus exceeds the total foreign-born population as measured by the ACS. Resdent Nonimmigrants Nonimmigrant visas are issued to foreign nationals for specific purposes and on temporary bases. Typically, the Department of State (DOS) has issued 9 million to 10 million nonimmigrant visas annually. In FY2023, DOS issued 10.4 million nonimmigrant visas. The majority of nonimmigrant visas are issued in categories related to nonresidential purposes (e.g., tourists). However, some nonimmigrants are admitted for purposes associated with U.S. residence. Approximately 3.2 million nonimmigrant workers, students, exchange visitors, diplomats, and their relatives were residing in the United States in 2019, according to the most recent Department of Homeland Security (DHS) estimate. Nonimmigrant workers represented the largest category (1.4 million). Lawful Permanent Resrdents DHS's Office of Homeland Security Statistics (OHSS) estimates that 12.7 million LPRs lived in the United States in January 2023. Typically, approximately 1 million people become LPRs each fiscal year. In FY2023, 1.2 million persons obtained LPR status; 48% were new arrivals to the United States and 52% adjusted to LPR status from a nonimmigrant status within the United States. The largest number of LPRs are admitted through family- sponsored categories, followed by employment-based categories, grants of refugee status and asylum, and the diversity visa (DV) program (Figure 2).