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1 1 (October 4, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govenbz0001 and id is 1 raw text is: b\Congressional ____ ~ Research Service Post-Title 42: U.S. Foreign Policy Initiatives to Manage Regional Migration Updated October 4, 2023 In FY2023, U.S. Customs and Border Protection apprehensions at the Southwest border exceeded 2.2 million through August 2023, with the majority of an increasingly diverse pool of migrants originating from Latin America and the Caribbean. Polls indicate that the desire to migrate among residents of Latin American and Caribbean countries increased during the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which exacerbated socioeconomic challenges and contributed to increased social unrest and repression in some countries, while delaying many migrants' travel plans. On May 11, 2023, the federal COVID-19 public health emergency declaration expired. The Biden Administration therefore ended Title 42, a public health measure invoked in March 2020 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that had enabled U.S. authorities to restrict entry into the United States of foreign nationals lacking proper travel documents. The Biden Administration has announced foreign policy initiatives aimed at managing post-Title 42 regional migration and requested supplemental funds to implement them. Congress is considering legislation and appropriations that could affect those policies while overseeing existing regional migration management efforts. U.S. Regional Migration Management Efforts The Biden Administration initially focused on addressing migration from Central America, a top source of U.S.-bound migrants over the prior decade. In July 2021, pursuant to the United States-Northern Triangle Enhanced Engagement Act (P.L. 116-260, Division FF, Subtitle F) and Executive Order 14010, the Administration released a U.S. Strategy for Addressing the Root Causes of Migration in Central America that seeks to address socioeconomic, governance, and security challenges in the subregion. The Administration also developed a Collaborative Migration Management Strategy intended to build a regional framework for safe, orderly, and humane migration in North and Central America. The Administration subsequently broadened its engagement on migration issues beyond Central America to other countries in the Western Hemisphere, citing the diversification of migrant flows. Secretary of State Antony Blinken met with his counterparts in the region for a series of meetings resulting in the negotiation of the Los Angeles Declaration for Migration and Protection, signed by the United States and 20 other Western Hemisphere countries in June 2022. The declaration recognizes migration management as a shared responsibility and seeks to bolster regional efforts to improve border controls, create legal Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12159 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress