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1 1 (September 27, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govemzh0001 and id is 1 raw text is: \Congressional ____ a'Research Service Afro-descendants of Latin America: Selected Resources Updated September 27, 2023 The United Nations (U.N.) estimates that approximately 200 million people identifying themselves as being of African descent live in the Americas. Congress has long demonstrated interest in the status of Afro-descendants abroad as seen in legislation and hearings. Since 1993, the Department of State submits an annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices that includes a section on National/Racial/Ethnic Minorities. This CRS Insight focuses on global resources that relate to the human rights of Afro- descendants of Latin America, including connections to socioeconomics, international organizations, and international declarations and conventions. The resource titles link to English-language resources while links to other languages are listed in the column resource type. This CRS Insight uses the umbrella term Afro-descendant rather than country-specific terms such as Afro-Cuban or Afro-Colombian, or foreign language terms such as moreno or pardo. The World Bank's 2018 report Afro-descendants in Latin America: Toward a Framework of Inclusion details that the term Afro-descendant was first adopted by regional Afro-descendant organizations in the early 2000s, and describes people united by a common ancestry but living in very dissimilar conditions. For Afro-descendants of Latin America, human rights challenges are intertwined with socioeconomics. The 2002 U.N. Durban Declaration emphasized poverty, underdevelopment, marginalization, social exclusion and economic disparities are closely associated with racism, racial discrimination ... and contribute to the persistence of racist attitudes and practices which in turn generate more poverty. For example, the World Bank's LAC (Latin America and the Caribbean) Equity Lab published 2021 data illustrating that in the case studies of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Uruguay, a higher percentage of Afro-descendants are poor (living on less than $5.50 per day in 2011 purchasing power parity terms) as compared to the national average. In reverse chronological order and then alphabetically, Table 1 lists resources related to the socioeconomic status of Afro-descendants in Latin America. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11790 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress