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1 1 (May 10, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/goveloj0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ____ ~ Research Service Post-Title 42: U.S. Foreign Policy Initiatives to Manage Regional Migration May 10, 2023 U.S. Border Patrol apprehensions of foreign nationals crossing into the United States illegally between ports of entry have surged, reaching a record 2.2 million in FY2022, with the majority of migrants originating from Latin America and the Caribbean. The motivation to migrate among Latin American and Caribbean residents increased during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which delayed migrants' travel plans, exacerbated preexisting socioeconomic challenges, and contributed to increased social unrest and repression in some countries. On May 11, 2023, the federal COVID-19 public health emergency declaration expires. The Biden Administration is therefore ending Title 42, a public health measure invoked in March 2020 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that enabled U.S. authorities to restrict entry into the United States of foreign nationals lacking proper travel documents. The Biden Administration announced foreign policy initiatives aimed at managing regional migration amid a potential post-Title 42 migration surge. Congress is considering legislation (H.R. 2, Title III) and appropriations that could affect those policies, as well as overseeing existing foreign policy efforts to manage regional migration. U.S. Foreign Policy Efforts to Manage Regional Migration The Biden Administration initially focused on addressing migration from Central America, a region that had emerged as a top source of U.S.-bound migrants over the prior decade. In July 2021, pursuant to the United States-Northern Triangle Enhanced Engagement Act (P.L. 116-260, Division FF, Subtitle F) and Executive Order 14010, the Administration released a new U.S. Strategy for Addressing the Root Causes of Migration in Central America that seeks to address underlying socioeconomic, governance, and security challenges in the subregion. The Administration also developed a Collaborative Migration Management Strategy intended to build a regional framework for safe, orderly, and humane migration in North and Central America to help relieve migration pressures at the U.S. border. The Administration subsequently broadened its engagement on migration issues beyond Central America to other countries in the Western Hemisphere, citing the diversification of migrant flows. Secretary of State Antony Blinken met with his counterparts in the region for a series of Migration Ministerial meetings, leading to the negotiation of the Los Angeles Declaration for Migration and Protection, signed by the United States and 20 other Western Hemisphere countries on the sidelines of the June 2022 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12159 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress