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1 [1] (July 18, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/goveign0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research fServi informing the legisi itive debate since 1914 Updated July 18, 2022 Citizenship and Immigration Statuses of the U.S. Foreign-Born Population The U.S. foreign-born population consists of individuals living in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. In 2020-the most recent data from the American Community Survey (ACS)-an estimated 44.1 million foreign-born people resided in the United States, representing 13.5% of the total U.S. population. The ACS is a U.S. Census Bureau survey conducted each month with a sample of households in 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The proportion of foreign-born individuals among the total U.S. population has changed over time. The percentage of foreign-born persons in 1920 (13.2%) was similar to current levels. It then declined over the next five decades, reaching a low of 4.7% in 1970. Over the last five decades, the proportion has increased (Figure 1). Figure 1. U.S. Foreign-Born: Total and Percentage of Total Population, 1920-2020 Total Foreign Born 0 % Foreign-Born 5Gm 16% 30m L 3% 2Gm 10m rn, _ 0% Source: 1920-2000: Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung, Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850 to 2000, U.S. Census Bureau Population Division, 2006. 2010 and 2020: ACS, Table B05001, at http://data.census.gov. The foreign-born are heterogeneous with regard to citizenship and immigration status. They include the following: * resident nonimmigrants, who are a subset of nonimmigrant (temporary) visa holders admitted for a limited period of time and specified purpose whose classes of admission are associated with U.S. residency, including temporary workers, students, exchange visitors, and diplomats; * lawful permanent residents (LPRs, or green card holders), who can reside and work lawfully and permanently in the United States; * naturalized U.S. citizens, who acquired U.S. citizenship generally after fulfilling residency and other requirements established by Congress and outlined in the Immigration and Nationality Act (Title 8 of the U.S. Code); and * unauthorized immigrants who have entered the United States without inspection or have overstayed their period of lawful admission, including those who hold a temporary, discretionary status such as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) or Temporary Protected Status (TPS). Resident Non immigrants Nonimmigrant visas are issued to foreign nationals for specific purposes and on temporary bases. Typically, the Department of State (DOS) has issued 9 million to 10 million nonimmigrant visas annually. Nonimmigrant visa issuances were substantially lower in FY2020 (4 million) and FY2021 (2.8 million) due to COVID-19-related closures at U.S. embassies and consulates, the temporary suspension of entry for some categories of nonimmigrants during those years, and travel disruptions. The majority of nonimmigrant visas issued are in categories related to nonresidential purposes (e.g., tourists). However, some nonimmigrants are admitted for purposes associated with U.S. residence. Approximately 3.2 million nonimmigrant workers, students, exchange visitors, diplomats, and their relatives were residing in the United States in 2019, according to the most recent Department of Homeland Security (DHS) estimate. Temporary workers represented the largest category of nonimmigrant residents (1.4 million). LP Rs DHS estimates that 13.1 million LPRs lived in the United States in 2021. Typically, approximately 1 million people become LPRs each fiscal year. In FY2020, LPR admissions were relatively low (707,362)-again, likely as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. That year, 38% of individuals who became LPRs were new arrivals to the United States; the other 62% adjusted to LPR status from a nonimmigrant status within the United States. The largest number of LPRs are admitted through family- sponsored categories, followed by employment-based categories, grants of refugee status and asylum, and the diversity visa (DV) program (Figure 2). Figure 2. LPRs by Category of Admission, FY2020 Employment- Refugees & Based, 21 Asylees, D y' Other 4% Source: Department of Homeland Security, 2020 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, Table 6.