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1 1 (May 31, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govefvv0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional a Research Service 2022 Hurricane Outlooks and 2021 Hurricane Season Review May 31, 2022 Many in Congress have expressed interest in increasing scientific understanding of tropical cyclones and improving forecasts to help their constituents prepare for the yearly hurricane season and potentially decrease a storm's impact on an individual or community. The Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is responsible for issuing tropical cyclone forecasts, including track, intensity, storm surge, and rainfall. NOAA defines a tropical cyclone as a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or subtropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. According to NOAA, tropical cyclones include Tropical depressions-maximum sustained winds of < 38 miles per hour (mph). Tropical storms-maximum sustained winds of 39-73 mph. NOAA typically names a storm once it reaches this strength. Hurricanes-maximum sustained winds of > 74 mph, corresponding to at least a category 1 or 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Hurricanes may also be called typhoons or cyclones. Major hurricanes-maximum sustained winds of >111 mph, corresponding to a category 3, 4, or 5. NOAA releases seasonal hurricane outlooks relevant to the United States, including the north Atlantic, eastern Pacific, and central Pacific Oceans, before each hurricane season begins. Such outlooks include information on potential named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes. The Atlantic and central Pacific seasons run from June 1 through November 30; the eastern Pacific season begins May 15. Tropical cyclones, however, may form outside of these time frames. In August, NOAA typically updates the Atlantic outlook but not the Pacific outlooks. Multiple nonfederal entities also publish outlooks. These forecasts rely, in part, on NOAA's collected and shared information. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports. congress.gov IN11941 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress