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1 1 (April 12, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govefop0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional *.Research Service Russia's Invasion of Ukraine: European Union Responses and Implications for U.S.-EU Relations Updated April 12, 2022 The 27-member European Union (EU) has responded with unprecedented unity and speed to Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. EU policy responses and coordination with the United States are of interest to Congress given the EU's role as an important U.S. partner. Key EU Responses Sanctions The EU has imposed several rounds of sanctions-or restrictive measures-intended to cripple Russia's ability to finance the war against Ukraine, enact costs on Russia's elites, and diminish Russia's economic base. Imposing sanctions requires unanimity among EU members. As of April 8, 2022, EU sanctions included Freezing the assets of 80 entities and imposing asset freezes and travel bans on 1,091 Russian officials, legislators, and other elites (Russian President Vladimir Putin and Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov are subject only to asset freezes) Expanding existing sanctions on Russia's financial sector, restricting transactions with Russia's Central Bank and blocking access to its reserve holdings, and freezing the assets of and disconnecting seven Russian banks from SWIFT (the world's dominant international financial messaging system, headquartered in Belgium) Prohibiting imports of coal (to take full effect in August 2022), steel and other raw materials, spirits, and seafood from Russia Banning certain exports in the oil refining, aviation, maritime, and technology sectors (e.g., semiconductors) and the export of luxury goods to Russia Broadening the scope of export controls on dual-use goods and technologies Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11897 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress