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1 1 (March 28, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govefmh0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional *.Research Service Russia's Invasion of Ukraine: European Union Responses and Implications for U.S.-EU Relations Updated March 28, 2022 The 27-member European Union (EU) has responded with unprecedented unity and speed to Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. EU policy responses and coordination with the United States are of interest to Congress given the EU's role as a U.S. partner in addressing Russia's aggression. Key EU Responses Sanctions The EU has imposed several rounds of sanctions-or restrictive measures-intended to cripple Russia's ability to finance the war against Ukraine, enact costs on Russia's elites, and diminish Russia's economic base. Imposing sanctions requires unanimity among EU members. To date, EU sanctions include Freezing the assets of 62 entities and imposing asset freezes and travel bans on 877 Russian officials, legislators, and other elites (Russian President Vladimir Putin and Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov are subject only to asset freezes); Expanding existing sanctions on Russia's financial sector and key banks, including restricting transactions with Russia's Central Bank and blocking access to its reserve holdings and cutting seven Russian banks off from SWIFT (the world's dominant international financial messaging system, headquartered in Belgium); Expanding existing or imposing new sanctions on Russia's energy, aviation, transportation, and technology sectors; Broadening the scope of export controls on dual-use goods to limit Russia's access to crucial technologies, such as semiconductors; Banning exports of luxury goods to Russia and certain metals imports from Russia; Closing EU airspace to all Russian-owned aircraft; and Expanding sanctions on Belarus for supporting Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11897 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress