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Research Service
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Child Care in the Build Back Better Act
Updated November 10, 2021
On November 3, 2021, the House Rules Committee released a modified version of the Build Back Better
Act (H.R. 5376) in Rules Committee Print 117-18. This version would establish a Birth Through Five
Child Care and Early Learning Entitlement (@23001). A White House Fact Sheet indicates the combined
costs of the Birth Through Five program and a Universal Preschool program would total $400 billion-
$50 billion less than the estimate in a September fact sheet from the House Committee on Education and
Labor, based on earlier versions of these proposals.
Appropriations
Section 23001 would appropriate mandatory funding to the Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS) for child care programs in states, Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and territories. Funding for
activities in FY2022-FY2024 would be capped. State appropriations for these years would be designated
for particular activities (Table 1), including direct services (e.g., subsidies, payment rates), quality (e.g.,
supply-building, facilities), and administration. Beginning in FY2025, appropriations for states, tribes,
and territories would be set at such sums as may be necessary to ensure funds are sufficient for all
eligible children seeking assistance. Capped funding would be available for grants to localities and Head
Start expansions in states that opt not to participate in the program.
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
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